In recent years, many research teams worldwide have been developing computational techniques inspired by the human brain, such as deep learning algorithms. While some of these techniques are considered highly promising for a wide range of applications, conventional hardware does not always support their computational load and thus can limit their performance. A possible solution for overcoming the limitations of existing hardware and ensuring that brain-inspired computational techniques achieve optimal results entails the creation of new electronic components that better reflect the structure of the human brain. A class of neuro-inspired computing chips is specifically designed for artificial intelligence (AI) applications that mimic the neural structures in the brain of humans and other animals. Researchers at Tsinghua University in China have reviewed recent advancements in the design of neuro-inspired computing chips to gain insight on the progress made so far and identify challenges that still need to be overcome.